RNA extraction is a critical step in molecular biology workflows, serving as the foundation for downstream applications such as RT-PCR, qPCR, RNA sequencing, and gene expression analysis. However, conventional RNA…
Agricultural sustainability is increasingly shaped by biotechnology, where microbial industries serve as a driving force in soil health, nutrient efficiency, pollution control, and climate change mitigation. Through fermentation technology and…
Molecular cloning is a cornerstone of modern biotechnology, enabling researchers to replicate, modify, and express genes for various applications in research and industry. However, traditional cloning techniques often involve multiple…
Bioprocessing is an essential field in modern biotechnology, enabling scientists to transform living cells into valuable products for medicine, research, and industry. To achieve consistent quality and successful scale up,…
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a powerful molecular biology technique used for precise DNA quantification, gene expression analysis, and diagnostic testing. However, achieving accurate and reproducible results requires a deep understanding…
PBioprocessing plays a vital role in modern biotechnology, enabling the production of valuable biological products through the controlled cultivation of cells. Understanding how bioreactors work—along with their configurations, operational principles,…
Pipetting is a fundamental technique in laboratories, yet even minor errors can lead to significant inaccuracies in experimental results. Understanding the basic principles and proper maintenance of pipettes is essential…
Sebagai kebutuhan dasar manusia yang harus dipenuhi, pangan diperlukan terbebas dari berbagai cemaran berbahaya. Cemaran ini, dapat berupa biologis (bakteri patogenik, parasit, cacing, virus, kapang atau cendawan). Biasanya, cemaran biologis…
ontaminasi produk makanan di industri pangan kerap terjadi. Biasanya, diakibatkan adanya mikroorganisme yang tidak diinginkan di dalam makanan sehingga, menimbulkan berbagai masalah, seperti pembusukkan. Sebab itu, dibutuhkannya identifikasi bakteri agar…
Salah satu, tahap penting dalam pengujian di laboratorium ialah preparasi sampel. Yang dimaksud dengan preparasi sampel adalah proses menyiapkan sampel dalam bentuk layak dan siap untuk dilakukan pengujian ataupun analisis…
Kloning adalah proses untuk menghasilkan individu identik secara genetik tanpa proses reproduksi seksual. Karenanya, istilah ini bukanlah hal baru untuk peneliti, dan menjadi topik hangat akibat pesatnya perkembangan kloning melalui…
Pekerjaan di laboratorium kerap kali membutuhkan penggunaan air dengan tingkat kemurnian yang berbeda-beda. Sebab itu, dibutuhkannya water still untuk pemurnian air secara modern. Penggunaan air di laboratorium Tingkat kemurnian…